Overview

Your skin is often the first thing other people see. You may have noticed that some people have patches of white skin. Patches of discolored skin are noticeable because they differ from a person’s normal skin tone. They may be lighter, darker, or a different color, such as red, gray, or blue.

It is important that people with this symptom understand the cause of their discolored skin patches in case treatment is necessary.

What is patchy skin color?

Patchy skin color is areas where the skin color is irregular with lighter or darker areas. Mottling or mottled skin refers to blood vessel changes in the skin that cause a patchy appearance.

What causes patches of discolored skin?

When the skin is attacked as a result of repeated sun exposure, sun damage occurs in many ways and one of them is brown spots and hyperpigmentation resulting from excessive melanin production. When there is an overproduction of melanin in a particular area, it can cause skin discoloration and the discolored spots on the skin also usually appear in a certain part of the body due to the difference in melanin levels. 

Hormonal and other changes in the body during pregnancy can affect the skin and lead to a common condition called melasma. Melasma, also known as a "pregnancy mask," is a skin condition that can develop due to these hormonal changes. This results in pus-filled pimples that burst and form dark patches surrounded by loose skin.

Allergic reactions to foods, plants, or irritants can also cause discolored patches on the skin in various areas of the body.

Exposure to sun or ultraviolet (UV) light, especially after taking a medicine called psoralens, may increase skin color (pigmentation). Increased pigment production is called hyperpigmentation, and can result from certain rashes as well as sun exposure.

Vitiligo. This disease can affect any part of the body. It causes the cells that produce melanin, known as melanocytes, to stop working correctly, which results in patches of lighter skin. Sometimes, it will also change a person’s hair color. The exact cause of vitiligo is unknown, but a problem with the immune system may be responsible.

Vitiligo affects people with any skin type, but may be more noticeable in people with darker skin.

Changes in temperature can lead to changes in blood circulation in the body. When this occurs, the skin color may be altered in response to either more or less blood flow.

Using harsh soaps on the face weakens the skin barrier, stripping the skin of its natural oils, ceramides (which help retain moisture) and beneficial fatty acids—perfect for irritated and dry skin.

Excessive exfoliation can lead to improper chafing of the skin, leaving it inflamed and blotchy.

Harmful rays can damage your skin if you don't protect your skin from the sun. But even in dark-skinned people, excessive sun exposure can lead to skin cancer.

How can I treat or prevent patches of discolored skin?

Sunscreen, sunscreen, hats, and protective clothing are your first line of defense against unsightly brown spots and sun damage that can lead to skin cancer.

Steroid creams can also be applied to the skin to restore some of the pigment, however prolonged use can cause stretch marks and thinning of the skin. If steroid creams don't work, phototherapy (light treatment) can be used.

Takeaway

Changes in skin color may be an independent condition or may be caused by other diseases or disorders. But treatment can stop or slow down the discoloration process and restore some of the color to your skin.

DISCLAIMER              

Tips and suggestions mentioned in the article are for general information purposes only and should not be construed as professional medical advice.